R.A. 11223 - Universal Health Care Act [2]

(c) The DOH and the local government units (LGUs) shall endeavor to provide a health care delivery system that will afford every Filipino a primary care provider that would act as the navigator, coordinator, and initial and continuing point of contact in the health care delivery system: Provided, That except in emergency or serious cases and when proximity is a concern, access to higher levels of care shall be coordinated by the primary care provider; and

(d) Every Filipino shall register with a public or private primary care provider of choice.  The DOH shall promulgate the guidelines on the licensing of primary care providers and the registration of every Filipino to a primary care provider.

SEC. 7. Financial Coverage. - (a) Population-based health services shall be financed by the National Government through the DOH and provided free of charge at point of service for all Filipinos.

The National Government shall support LGUs in the financing of capital investments and provision of population-based interventions.

(b) Individual-based health services shall be financed primarily through prepayment mechanisms such as social health insurance, private health insurance, and HMO plans to ensure predictability of health expenditures.

CHAPTER III

NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM

SEC. 8. Program Membership. - Membership into the Program shall be simplified into two (2) types, direct contributors and indirect contributors, as defined in Section 4 of this Act.

SEC. 9. Entitlement to Benefits. - Every member shall be granted immediate eligibility for health benefit package under the Program: Provided, That PhilHealth Identification Card shall not be required in the availment of any health service; Provided, further, That no co-payment shall be charged for services rendered in basic or ward accommodation: Provided, furthermore, That co-payments and co-insurance for amenities in publci hospitals shall be regulated by the DOH and PhilHealth: Provided, finally, That the current PhilHealth package for members shall not be reduced.

PhilHealth shall provide additional Program benefits for direct contributors, where applicable: Provided, That failure to pay premiums shall not prevent the enjoyment of any Program benefits: Provided, further, That employers and self-employed direct contributors shall be required to pay all missed contributors with an interest, compounded monthly, of at least three percent (3%) for employers and not exceeding one and one-half percent (1.5%) for self-earning, professional practitioners, and migrant workers.

SEC. 10. Premium Contributions. - For direct contributors, premium rates shall be in accordance with the following schedule, and monthly income floor and ceiling:

Year	Premium Rate	Income Floor	Income Ceiling
2019	2.75%	P10,000.00	P50,000.00
2020	3.00%	P10,000.00	P60,000.00
2021	3.50%	P10,000.00	P70,000.00
2022	4.00%	P10,000.00	P80,000.00
2023	4.50%	P10,000.00	P90,000.00
2024	5.00%	P10,000.00	P100,000.00
2025	5.00%	P10,000.00	P100,000.00

Provided, That for indirect contributions, premium subsidy shall be gradually adjusted and included annually in the General Appropriations Act (GAA): Provided, further, That the funds shall be released to PhilHealth: Provided, furthermore; That the DOH, in coordination with PhilHealth, may request Congress to appropriate supplemental funding to meet targeted milestones of this Act: Provided, finally, That for every increase in the rate of contribution of direct contributors and premium subsidy of indirect contributors, PhilHealth shall provide for a corresponding increase in benefits.

SEC. 11. Program Reserve Funds. - PhilHealth shall set aside a portion of its accummulated revenues not needed to meet the cost of the current year's expenditures as reserve funds: Provided, That the total amount of reserves shall not exceed a ceiling equivalent to the amount actuarially estimated for two (2) years' projected Program expenditures: Provided, further, That whenever actual reserves exceed the required ceiling at the end of the fiscal year, the excess of the PhilHealth reserve fund shall be usd to increase the Program's benefits and to decrease the amount of members' contributions.

Any unused portion of the reserve fund that is not needed to meet the current expenditure obligations or support the above-mentioned programs shall be placed in investments to earn an average annual income at prevailing rates of interest and shall be referred to as the Investment Reserve Fund.  The Investment Reserve Fund shall be invested in any or all of the following:

(a) In interest-bearing bonds, securities or other evidences of indebtedness of the Government of the Philippines: Provided, That such investment shall be at least fifty percent (50%) of the reserve fund;

(b) In debt securities and corporate bonds of prime or solvent corporations created or existing under the laws of the Philippines: Provided, That the issuing or its predecessor entity shall not have defaulted in the payment of interest on any of its securities: Provided, further, That the securities are issued by companies with high growth opportunities and earnings potentials: Provided, finally, That such investment shall not exceed thirty percent (30%) of the reserve fund;

(c) In interest-bearing deposits and loans to or securities in any domestic bank doing business in the Philippines: Provided, That in the case of such deposits, this shall not exceed at any time the unimpared capital and surplus or total private deposits of the depository bank, whichever is smaller: Provided, further, That the bank shall have been designated as a depository for this purpose by the Monetary Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas;

(d) In preferred stocks of any solvent corporation or institution created or existing under the laws of the Philippines listed in the stock exchange with proven track record or profitability over the last three (3) years and payment of dividends for a period of at least three (3) years immediately preceding the date of investment in such preferred stocks;

(e) In common stocks of any solvent corporation or institution created or existing under the laws of the Philippines listed in the stock exchange with high growth opportunities and earnings potentials;

(f) In bonds, securities, promissory notes, or other evidences of indebtedness of accredited and financially sound medical institutions exclusively to finance the construction, improvement and maintenance of hospitals and other medical facilities: Provided, That such securities and instruments shall be guaranteed by the Republic of the Philippines or the issuing medical institution and the issued securities are both rated triple 'A' by authorized accredited domestic rating agencies: Provided, further, That said investments shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the total reserve fund; and

(g) In debt instruments and other securities traded in the secondary markets with the same intrinsic quality as those enumerated in paragraphs (a) to (e) hereof, subject to the approval of the PhilHealth Board.

No portion of the reserve fund or income thereof shall accrue to the general fund of the National Government or to any of its agencies or instrumentalities, including government-owned or -controlled corporations.

As part of its investments operations, PhilHealth may hire institutions with valid trust licenses as its external local fund managers to manage the reserve fund, as it may deem appropriate, through public bidding.  The fund manager shall submit an annual report on investment performance to PhilHealth.

The PhilHealth shall set up the following funds:

(1) A fund to secure benefit payouts to members prior to their becoming lifetime members;

(2) A fund to secure payouts to lifetime members; and

(3) A fund for optional supplemental benefits that are subject to additional contributions.

A portion of each of the above funds shall be identified as current and kept in liquid instruments.  In no case shall said portion be considered part of invested assets.

The PhilHealth shall allocate a portion of all contributions to the fund for lifetime members based on an allocation to be determined by the PhilHealth actuary based on a pre-determined percentage using the current average age of members and the current life expectancy and morbidity curve of Filipinos.

The PhilHealth shall manage the supplemental benefits and the lifetime members' fund in an actuarially sound manner.

The PhilHealth shall manage the supplemental benefits fund to the minimum required to ensure that the supplemental benefit payments are secure.

[1]                    Universal Health Care Act                     [3]

R.A. 11223 - Universal Health Care Act [5]

SEC. 32. Monitoring and Evaluation. - (a) The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) shall conduct the relevant modules of household surveys annually during the first ten (10) years of the implementation, and thereafter follow its regular schedule.

(b) The DOH shall publish annual provincial burden of disease estimates using internationally validated estimation methods and biennially using actual public and private sector data from electronic records and disease registries, to support LGUs in tracking progress of health outcomes.

SEC. 33. Health Impact Assessment (HIA). - HIA shall be required for policies, programs, and projects that are crucial in attaining better health outcomes or those that may have an impact on the health sector.

[4]                     Universal Health Care Act                     [6]

R.A. 11223 - Universal Health Care Act [4]

CHAPTER VI

HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH

SEC. 23. National Health Human Resource Master Plan. - The DOH, together with stakeholders, shall ensure the formulation and implementation of a National Health Human Resource Master Plan that will provide policies and strategies for the appropriate generation, recruitment, retraining, regulation, retention and re-assessment of health workforce based on population health needs.

To ensure continuity in the provision of the health programs and services, all health professionals and health care workers shall be guaranteed permanent, employment and competetive salaries.

SEC. 24. National Health Workforce Support System. - A national health workforce (NHW) support system shall be created to support local public health systems in addressing their human resource needs: Provided, That deployment to Geographical Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs) shall be prioritized.

SEC. 25. Scholarship and Training Program. - (a) The Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and the DOH shall develop and plan the expansion of existing and new allied and health-related degree and training programs including those for community-based health care workers and regulate the number of enrollees in each program based on the health needs of the population especially those in underserved areas.

(b) The CHED and the DOH shall expand scholarship grants for allied and health-related undergraduates and graduate programs: Provided, That scholarships shall be based on the needed cadre of national and local health managers and health professionals: Provided, further, That scholarships for bona fide residents of unserved or underserved areas or members of indigenous peoples shall be given priority.

(c) The PRC and the DOH, in coordination with duly-registered medical and allied health professional societies, shall set up a registry of medical and allied health professionals, indicating, among others, their current number of practititioners and location of practice.

(d) The CHED, PRC, and DOH, in coordination with duly-registered medical and allied professional societies, shall re-orient medical and allied medical professional education, and health professional certification and regulation towards producing health workers with competencies in the provision of primary care services.

SEC. 26. Return Service Agreement. - All graduates of allied and health-related courses who are recipients of government-funded scholarship programs shall be required to serve in priority areas in the public sector for at least three (3) full years, with compensation, and under the supervision of the DOH: Provided, That those who will serve for additional two (2) years shall be provided with additional incentives as determined by the DOH: Provided, further, That graduates of allied and health-related courses from state universities and colleges and private schools shall be encouraged to serve in these areas.

The DOH shall coordinate with the CHED and PRC for the effective implementation of this section including the establishment of guidelines for non-compliance.

CHAPTER VII

REGULATION

SEC. 27. Safety and Quality. - (a) PhilHealth shall established a rating system under an incentive scheme to acknowledge and reward health facilities that provide better service quality, efficiency and equity: Provided, That PhilHealth shall recognize third party accredition mechanisms and may use these as basis for granting incentives.

(b) The DOH shall institute a licensing and regulatory system for stand-alone health facilities, including those providing ambulatory and primary care services, and other modes of health service provision.

(c) The DOH shall set standards for clinical care through the development, appraisal, and use of clinical practice guidelines in cooperation with professional societies and the academe.

SEC. 28. Affordability. - (a) DOH-owned health care providers shall procure drugs and devices guided by price reference indices, following centrally negotiated prices, sell them following the prescribed maximum mark-ups, and submit to DOH a price list of all drugs and devices procured and sold by the health care provider.

(b) An independent price negotiation board, composed of representatives from the DOH, PhilHealth and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), among others, shall be constituted to negotiate prices on behalf of the DOH and PhilHealth, guided by certain parameters including new technology, innovator drugs, and sourced from a single supplier: Provided, That the negotiated price in the framework contract shall be applicable for all health care providers under DOH: Provided, further, That the price negotiation board shall adhere to the guidelines issued by the Government Procurement Policy Board.

(c) Health care providers and facilities shall be required to make readily accessible to the public and submit to DOH and PhilHealth, all pertinent relevant, and up-to-date information regarding the prices of health services, all goods and services being offered.

(d) Drug outlets shall be required at all times to carry the generic equivalent of all drugs in the Primary Care Formulary and shall be required to provide customers with a list of therapeutic equivalents and their corresponding prices when fulfilling prescriptions or in any transaction.

(e) The DOH, PhilHealth, HMOs, life and non-life private health insurance (PHIs) shall develop standard policies and plans that complement the Program's benefit schedule: Provided, That a coordination mechanism between PhilHealth, PHIs and HMOs shall be set up to ensure that no benefits shall be unnecessary dropped.

SEC. 29. Equity. (a) The DOH shall annually update its list of underserved areas, which shall be the basis for preferential licensing of health facilities and contracting of health services.  The DOH shall develop the framework and guidelines to determine the appropriate bed capacity and number of health care professionals of public health facilities. 

(b) The government shall guarantee that the distribution of health services and benefits provided for in this Act shall be equitable by prioritizing GIDAs in the provision of assistance and support.

(c) All government hospitals are required to operate not less than ninety percent (90%) of their bed capacity as basic or ward accommodation: Provided, That specialty hospitals are required to operate not less than seventy percent (70%) of their bed capacity as basic or ward accommodation: Provided, further, That private hospitals are required to operate not less than ten percent (10%) of their bed capacity as basic or ward accommodation: Provided, finally, That all government hospitals, specialty hospitals and private hospitals shall regulardly submit a report on the allotment or percentage of their bed capacity to basic or ward accommodation to DOH, which shall issue the necessary guidelines for the immediate implementation of this provision.

CHAPTER VIII

GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY

SEC. 30. Health Promotion. - The DOH, as the overall steward for health care, shalll strengthen national efforts in providing a comprehensive and coordinated approach to health development with emphasis on scaling up health promotion and preventive care.

The DOH shall transform its existing Health, Promotion and Communication Service into a full-fledged Bureau, to be named as the Health Promotion Bureau, to improve health literacy and mainstream health promotion and protection.

The Health Promotion Bureau shall formulate a framework stretegy for health promotion which shall serve as the basis for DOH programs in increasing health literacy with focus on reducing non-communicable diseased, implement population-wide health promotion programs and activities across social determinants of health, exerciese plicy coordination across government instrumentalities to ensure the attainment of the framework strategy and its programs, and promote and provide technical support to local research and development programs and projects: Provided, That within two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act, the cost of implementing health promotion programs shall be at least one percent (1%) of the DOH's total budget appropriations.

The schools under the supervision of the Department of Education (DepEd) are hereby designated as healthy settings for the purpose of this Act.  The DepEd, in coordination with DOH, shall formulate programs and modules on health literacy and rights be integrated into the existing school currricula to intensify the fight against the spread of communicable diseases and increase in prevalence of non-communicable diseases through, among others, the effective promotion of healthy lifestyle, physical activity, proper nutrition, and prevention of smoking and alcohol consumption among students.  The program shall likewise acquaint the students on their entitlements, privileges and responsibilities under this Act.

The DOH and DepEd shall submit annual reports on the health promotion and literacy programs they have respectively implemented, including an assessment of the impact thereof, to the President of the Philippines, the Senate President, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Furthermore, the LGUs are also directed to enact stricter ordinances that strengthen and broaden existing health policies, the laws to the contrary notwithstanding, and implement effective programs that promote health literary and healthy lifestyle among their constituencies to advance population health and individual well-being, reduce the prevalenc of non-communicable diseased and their risk factors, particularly tobacco and alcohol use, lower the incidence of new infectious diseases, address mental health issues and improve health indicators.  An annual report on the policies adopted and programs undertaken and an assessment of the impact thereof shall be submitted by the LGUs to the DILG.

SEC. 31. Evidence-Informed Sectoral Policy and Planning for UHC. - (a) All public and private, national and local health-related entitiees shall be required to submit health and health-related data to PhilHealth including, among others, administrative, public health, medical, pharmaceutical and health financing data: Provided, That PhilHealth shall furnish the DOH a copy of the health data: Provided, further, That these shall be used for the purpose of generating information to guide research and policy-making: Provided, finally, That the DOH shall strengthen its research capability by supporting health systems development and reform initiatives through policy and systems research, and shall support the growth of research consortia in line with the vision of the Philippine National Health Research System.

(b) The DOH and Department of Science and Technology (DOST) shall develop a cadre of policy systems researchers, technical experts and managers by providing training grants in globally-benchmarked institutions: Provided, That grantees shall be required to serve for at least three (3) full years, under supervision and with compensation, in DOH, PhilHealth and other relevant government agencies: Provided, further, That those who will serve for additional two (2) years, shall be provided with additional incentives as determined by the agency concerned.

(c) All health, nutrition and demographic-related administrative and survey data generated using public funds shall be considered public records and be made accessible to the public unless otherwise prohibited by law: Provided, That any person who requests a copy of such public records may be required to pay the actual costs of reproduction and copying of the requested public records.

(d) Participatory action researches on cost-effective, high-impact interventions for health promotion and social mobilization shall form part of the national health research agenda of the Philippine National Health Research System which shall also be mandated to provide adequate funding support for the conduct of these researches.

[3]                    Universal Health Care Act                      [5]

R.A. No. 11199 - Social Security Act of 2018 [2]

SEC. 4. Powers and Duties of the Commission and SSS. - 

(a) The Commission. - For the attainment of its main objectives as set forth in Section 2 hereof, the Commission shall have the following powers and duties:

(1) To formulate, adopt, amend and/or rescind such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions and purposes of this Act;

(2) To establish a Provident Fund for the members which will consist of contributions of employers and employees, self-employed, OFW and voluntary members based on (i) the SSS contribution rate in excess of twelve percent (12%), or (ii) monthly salary credit in excess of Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) up to the prescribed maximum monthly salary credit and their earnings, for payment of benefits to such members or their beneficiaries in addition to the benefits provided for under this Act: Provided, That a member may contribute voluntarily in excess of the prescribed SSS contribution rate and/or the maximum monthly salary credit, subject to such rules and regulations as the Commission may promulgate:

(3) To maintain a Provident Fund which consists of contributions made by both the SSS and its officials and employees and their earnings, for the payment of benefits to such officials and employees or their heirs under such terms and conditions as it may prescribe;

(4) To conduct continuing actuarial and statistical studies and valuations to determine the financial condition of the SSS and taking into consideration such studies and valuations and the limitations herein provided, to readjust the benefits, contributions, premium rates, interest rates or the allocation or reallocation of the funds to the contigencies covered;

(5) To approve restructuring proposals for the payment of due but unremitted contributions and unpaid loan amortizations under such terms and conditions as it may prescribe;

(6) To authorize cooperatives registered with the Cooperative Development Authority or associations registered with the appropriate government agency to act as collecting agents of the SSS with respect to their members: Provided, That the SSS shall accredit the cooperative or association: Provided, further, That the persons authorized to collect are bonded;

(7) To compromise or release, in whole or in part, any interest, penalty or any civil liability to SSS in connection with the investments authorized under Section 26 hereof, under such terms and conditions as it may prescribe;

(8) Any law to the contrary notwithstanding, to condone, enter into a compromise or release, in whole or in part, such penalties imposed upon delinquent social security contributions regardless of the amount involved under such valid terms and conditions it may prescribe through rules and regulations when the financial position of the employer demonstrates a clear inability to pay the assessed delinquency arising from economic crisis, serious business losses or financial reverses, or resulting fro natural calamity or man-made disaster without fault on the part of the employer.

Provided, That the Social Security Commission shall, immediately after the passage of this Act, institute a condonation of penalties of delinquent employers under Republic Act No. 10361, subject to such rules and regulations as the Social Security Commission may provide.

The Commission shall submit to the Office of the President of the Philippines, the Senate and the House of Representatives an annual report on the exercise of the powers under this provision, stating therein the following facts and information, among others: names and addresses of employers whose penalty delinquencies have been subjected to compromise or condonation; amount involved; amount compromised or condoned and the underlying reasons and justification thereon, to determine that said powers are reasonably exercised and that the SSS is not unduly prejudiced;

(9) To implement the rate of contributions as well as the minimum and maximum monthly salary credits in accordance with the following schedule effective January of the year of implementation as follows:


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Contribution Rate	Share		Monthly Salary Credit
	Employer	Employee	Minimum	Maximum
12%	8%	4%	P2,000.00	P20,000.00
12%	8%	4%	P2,000.00	P20,000.00
13%	8.50%	4.50%	P3,000.00	P25,000.00
13%	8.50%	4.50%	P3,000.00	P25,000.00
14%	9.50%	4.50%	P4,000.00	P30,000.00
14%	9.50%	4.50%	P4,000.00	P30,000.00
15%	10%	5%	P5,000.00	P35,000.00

Provided, That the domestic workers of "kasambahays" as defined under Republic Act No. 10361 or the Batas Kasambahay who are receiving a monthly income lower than minimum monthly salary credit prescribed under this Act shall pay contributions based on their actual monthly salary: Provided, further, That members, who are subject to compulsory coverage and receiving a monthly income lower than the minimum monthly salary credit or more than the maximum monthly salary credit, and their employers, shall pay the SSS contributions based on the current minimum monthly salary credit or the maximum monthly salary credit, respectively, as provided in this Act.

The rate of penalty on unpaid loan amortizations shall be determined and fixed by the Commission from time to time through rules and regulations on the basis of applicable actuarial studies, rate of benefits, inflaction, and other relevant socio-economic data;

(10) To develop and administer a special social security program for workers, with unique economic, social, and geographic situations, as determined by the Commission: Provided, That the program may have different contributions and benefits that are proportionately calculated which must be fair, equitable, actuarially sound and viable: Provided, further, That the special program shall enjoy the same legal privileges as the regular social security program; and 

(11) To approve, confirm, pass upon or review any and all actions of the SSS in the proper and necessary exercise of its powers and duties hereinafter enumerated.

(b) The Social Security System. - Subject to the provision of Section 4. Subsection (a)(11) hereof, the SSS shall have the following powers and duties:

(1) To submit annually not later than April 30, a public report to the President of the Philippines and to the Congress of the Philippines covering its activities in the administration and enforcement of this Act during the precding year including information and recommendations on broad policies for the development and perfection of the program of the SSS;

(2) To require the Chief Actuary to submit a valuation report on the SSS benefit program every three (3) years, or more frequently as may be necessary, to undertake the necessary actuarial studies and calculations concerning increases in benefits taking into account inflation and the financial stability of the SSS, the individual income gap and poverty threshold for the elderly, similar benefits provided by other social protection programs of the government: and to provide for feasible increases in benefits every four (4) years, including the addition of new ones, under such rules and regulations as the Commission may adopt: Provided, That the actuarial soundness of the reserve fund shall be guaranteed;

(3) To establish offices of the SSS to cover as many provinces, cities and congressional districts, including foreign countries whenever and wherever it may be expedient, necessary and feasible, and to inspect or cause to be inspected periodically such offices;

(4) To enter into agreements or contracts for such service and aid, as may be needed for the proper, efficient and stable administration of the SSS;

(5) To adopt or approve the annual and supplemental budget of receipts and expenditures including salaries and allowances of the SSS personnel, against all funds available to the SSS under this Act, and to authorize such capital and operating expenditures and disbursements of the SSS as may be necessary and proper for the effective management and operation of the SSS;

(6) To set up its accounting system and provide the necessary pernnel therefor;

(7) To require reports, compilation and analyses of statistical and economic data and to make investigations as may be needed for the proper administration and development of the SSS;

(8) To acquire, develop and dispose of property, real or personal, on its own, or through a joint venture arrangement with the public and/or private sector, which may be necessary or expedient for the attainment of the purposes of this Act;

No injunction or restraining order issued by any court, tribunal or office shall bar, impede or delay the sale, development or disposition by the SSS of its property except on question of ownership and national or public interest;

(9) To acquire, receive, or hold, by way of purchase, expropriation or otherwise, public or private property for the purpose of undertaking housing projects preferably for the benefit of low-income members and for the maintenance of hospitals and institutions for the sick, aged and disabled, as well as schools for the members and their immediate families;

(10) To enter into agreement with the GSIS or any other entity, enterprise, corporation or partnership for the benefit of members transferring from one system to another subject to the provision of Republic Act No. 7699, otherwise known as the Portability Law; 

(11) To sue and be sued in court; and 

(12) To perform such other corporate acts as it may deem appropriate for the proper enforcement of this Act.

[1]          Social Security Act of 2018          [3]

R.A. No. 11199 - Social Security Act of 2018 [3]

SEC. 5. Settlement of Disputes. - (a) Any dispute arising under this Act with respect to coverage, benefits, contributions and penalties thereon or any other matter related thereto, shall be cognizable by the Commission, and any case filed with respect thereto shall be heard by the Commission, or any of its members, or by hearing officers duly authorized by the Commission and decided within the mandatory period of twenty (20) days after the submission of the evidence.  The filing, determination and settlement of disputes shall be governed by the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission.

(b) Appeal to Court. - Any decision of the Commission, in the absence of an appeal therefrom as herein provided, shall become final and executory fifteen (15) days after the date of notification, and judicial review thereof shall be permitted only after any party claiming to be aggrieved thereby has exchausted his remedies before the Commission.  The Commission shall be deemed to be a party to any judicial action involving any such decision, and may be represented by an attorney employed by the Commission, or when requested by the Commission, by the Solicitor General or any public prosecutor.

(c) Court Review. - The decision of the Commission upon any disputed matter may be reviewed both upon the law and the facts by the Court of Appeals.  For the purpose of such review, the procedure concerning appeals from the Regional Trial Court shall be followed as far as practicable and consistent with the purposes of this Act.  Appeal from a decision of the Commission must be taken within fifteen (15) days from notification of such decision.  If the decision of the Commission involves only question of law, the same shall be reviewed by the Supreme Court.  No appeal bond shall be required.  The case shall be hard in a summary manner, and shall take precedence over all cases, except that in the Supreme Court, criminal cases wherein life imprisonment or death has been imposed by the trial court shall take precedence.  No appeal shall act as supersedeas or a stay of the order of the Commission unless the Commission itself, or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court, shall so order.

(d) Execution of Decisions. - The Commission may, motu proprio or on motion of any interested party, issue a writ of execution to enforce any of its decisions or awards, after it has become final and executory, in the same manner as the decision of the Regional Trial Court by directing the city or provincial sheriff or the sheriff whom it may appoint to enforce such final decision or execute such writ: and any person who shall fail or refuse to comply with such decision, award or writ, after being required to do so shall, upon application by the Commission pursuant to Rule 71 of the Rules of Court, be punished for contempt.

[2]          Social Security Act of 2018          [4]